HIV retinopathy
| HIV Retinopathy | |
|---|---|
| Other names | AIDS retinopathy, HIV microvasculopathy or Noninfectious retinal microvasculopathy |
| A sample retinal image (not from HIV Retinopathy) with cotton wool spots and hemorrhages | |
| Specialty | Ophthalmology |
| Symptoms | Cotton wool spots, retinal hemorrhages |
| Complications | Blindness |
| Causes | HIV/AIDS |
| Diagnostic method | Eye examination |
| Differential diagnosis | CMV retinitis |
| Treatment | Treatment for HIV/AIDS |
HIV retinopathy, also known as AIDS retinopathy, HIV microvasculopathy or Noninfectious retinal microvasculopathy, is an eye condition associated with HIV infection. It is characterized by damage to the small blood vessels in the retina. While asymptomatic during initial stages, it may lead to vision loss if HIV/AIDS is not properly managed.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system of the human body. HIV attacks and destroys CD4 T cells, the central mediators of immune response in humans, leading to a weakened immune response and increased susceptibility to infections and diseases. HIV/AIDS related eye diseases are common among people living with this disease worldwide. Among these diseases, HIV retinopathy is the most common condition. This condition is seen in 40% to 60% of HIV positive patients. It is the most common cause of loss of vision in these patients.