HRAS

HRAS
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	121P, 1AA9, 1AGP, 1BKD, 1CLU, 1CRP, 1CRQ, 1CRR, 1CTQ, 1GNP, 1GNQ, 1GNR, 1HE8, 1IAQ, 1IOZ, 1JAH, 1JAI, 1K8R, 1LF0, 1LF5, 1LFD, 1NVU, 1NVV, 1NVW, 1NVX, 1P2S, 1P2T, 1P2U, 1P2V, 1PLJ, 1PLK, 1PLL, 1Q21, 1QRA, 1RVD, 1WQ1, 1XCM, 1XD2, 1XJ0, 1ZVQ, 1ZW6, 221P, 2C5L, 2CE2, 2CL0, 2CL6, 2CL7, 2CLC, 2CLD, 2EVW, 2LCF, 2LWI, 2Q21, 2QUZ, 2RGA, 2RGB, 2RGC, 2RGD, 2RGE, 2RGG, 2UZI, 2VH5, 2X1V, 3DDC, 3I3S, 3K8Y, 3K9L, 3K9N, 3KKM, 3KKN, 3KUD, 3L8Y, 3L8Z, 3LBH, 3LBI, 3LBN, 3LO5, 3OIU, 3OIV, 3OIW, 3RRY, 3RRZ, 3RS0, 3RS2, 3RS3, 3RS4, 3RS5, 3RS7, 3RSL, 3RSO, 421P, 4DLR, 4DLS, 4DLT, 4DLU, 4DLV, 4DLW, 4DLX, 4DLY, 4DLZ, 4EFL, 4EFM, 4EFN, 4G0N, 4G3X, 4K81, 4Q21, 521P, 5P21, 621P, 6Q21, 721P, 821P, 4L9S, 4L9W, 4NYI, 4NYJ, 4NYM, 4URU, 4URV, 4URW, 4URX, 4URY, 4URZ, 4US0, 4US1, 4US2, 2N42, 2N46, 4XVQ, 4XVR, 4RSG, 5B30
Identifiers
Aliases	HRAS, C-BAS/HAS, C-H-RAS, C-HA-RAS1, CTLO, H-RASIDX, HAMSV, HRAS1, RASH1, p21ras, Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase, RASK2
External IDs	OMIM: 190020; MGI: 96224; HomoloGene: 55890; GeneCards: HRAS; OMA:HRAS - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (human)
End	537,321 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (mouse)
End	140,773,918 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	skin of abdomen; ; skin of leg; ; putamen; ; caudate nucleus; ; nucleus accumbens; ; hypothalamus; ; temporal lobe; ; amygdala; ; right hemisphere of cerebellum; ; substantia nigra;
	Top expressed in
	dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell; ; lip; ; molar; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; esophagus; ; fetal liver hematopoietic progenitor cell; ; yolk sac; ; entorhinal cortex; ; perirhinal cortex; ; muscle of thigh;
	More reference expression data
	; ; ; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	nucleotide binding; protein C-terminus binding; protein binding; GTPase activity; GTP binding; GDP binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; cytosol; Golgi apparatus; intracellular membrane-bounded organelle; membrane; Golgi membrane; plasma membrane; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; nucleus; glutamatergic synapse;
Biological process	negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process; defense response to protozoan; positive regulation of protein phosphorylation; regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity; endocytosis; positive regulation of MAP kinase activity; positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process; positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation; positive regulation of ruffle assembly; mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling; positive regulation of cell migration; ephrin receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of wound healing; positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction; positive regulation of interferon-gamma production; stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of JNK cascade; negative regulation of gene expression; MAPK cascade; intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway; positive regulation of GTPase activity; chemotaxis; cell surface receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of gene expression; negative regulation of GTPase activity; positive regulation of cell population proliferation; positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; animal organ morphogenesis; T-helper 1 type immune response; Ras protein signal transduction; cell population proliferation; T cell receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization; positive regulation of MAPK cascade; negative regulation of cell population proliferation; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; signal transduction; apoptotic process; small GTPase mediated signal transduction; cellular senescence; response to isolation stress; cellular response to gamma radiation; positive regulation of DNA replication; positive regulation of phospholipase C activity; protein heterooligomerization; positive regulation of protein targeting to membrane; regulation of neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	3265
	15461
	ENSG00000276536; ENSG00000174775
	ENSMUSG00000025499
	P01112
	Q61411
	NM_001130442; NM_005343; NM_176795; NM_001318054
	NM_001130443; NM_001130444; NM_008284
	NP_001123914; NP_001304983; NP_005334; NP_789765
	NP_001123915; NP_001123916; NP_032310
	Wikidata
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GTPase HRas, the "Harvey Rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog", also known as transforming protein p21 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HRAS gene. The HRAS gene is located on the short (p) arm of chromosome 11 at position 15.5, from base pair 522,241 to base pair 525,549. HRas is a small G protein in the Ras subfamily of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. Once bound to guanosine triphosphate, H-Ras will activate a Raf kinase like c-Raf, the next step in the MAPK/ERK pathway.

As its name suggests, the gene was initially discovered in the Harvey rat sarcoma virus as a viral oncogene (Harvey murine sarcoma virus, Gammaretrovirus Hamursar). The gene in this virus was later discovered to closely resemble a cellular gene found in many animals; as a result, it was deduced that the virus incorporated the cellular gene into its genome in the past, leading it down the route of becoming an oncovirus. Incorporation of cellular genes happens regularly in retroviruses; when a key regulatory gene such as HRAS is incorporated, it may become oncogenic as the virus evolves for greater fitness. The benign version in the cellular genome is not directly cancerous, but further mutations can turn it cancerous. As a result, the cellular version is called a proto-oncogene.