Great Mississippi Flood of 1927
|name=. Remove this parameter; the article title is used as the name by default.Mississippi River Flood of 1927 showing flooded areas and relief operation | |
| Meteorological history | |
|---|---|
| Duration | 1926–1929 |
| Flood | |
| Overall effects | |
| Fatalities | About 500 |
| Areas affected | Particularly Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi – along with Missouri, Illinois, Kansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, Oklahoma, and Texas |
The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 was the most destructive river flood in the history of the United States, with 27,000 square miles (70,000 km2) inundated in depths of up to 30 feet (9 m) over the course of several months in early 1927. The period cost of the damage has been estimated to be between $246 million and $1 billion, which ranges from $3.6–$14.5 billion in 2024 dollars.
About 500 people died and over 630,000 people were directly affected; 94% of those affected lived in Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana, especially in the Mississippi Delta region. There were 127 deaths in Arkansas, making it one of the deadliest disasters ever recorded in the state. More than 200,000 African Americans were displaced from their homes along the Lower Mississippi River and had to live for lengthy periods in relief camps. As a result of this disruption, many joined the Great Migration from the South to the industrial cities of the North and the Midwest; Black Americans preferred to move, rather than return to rural agricultural labor.
To prevent future floods, the federal government built the world's longest system of levees and flood-ways. Then-secretary of commerce Herbert Hoover's handling of the crisis gave him a positive nationwide reputation, helping pave the way to his election as U.S. president in 1928. Political turmoil from the disaster at the state level aided the election of Huey Long as governor in Louisiana.