Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (born 1856)
| Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich Nicholas III | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Emperor of Russia (disputed) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reign | July 1922 – 16 June 1923 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Nicholas II | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Monarchy abolished | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Born | 18 November 1856 Gregorian calendar (6 November 1856 Julian calendar) St. Petersburg, Russian Empire | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Died | 5 January 1929 (aged 72) Antibes, France | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Burial | St. Michael the Archangel Church (1929–2015) Chapel of the Transfiguration of Our Lord, Bratsky military cemetery, Moscow (since 2015) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| House | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Father | Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mother | Duchess Alexandra of Oldenburg | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupation | Commander in Chief of the Russian Imperial Army | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (Russian: Николай Николаевич Романов (младший – the younger); 18 November 1856 – 5 January 1929) was a Russian grand duke and World War I general, a son of Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia and a grandson of Emperor Nicholas I. He was commander-in-chief of the Imperial Russian Army units on the main front in the first year of the war, during the reign of his first cousin once removed, Emperor Nicholas II. Although held in high regard by Paul von Hindenburg, he struggled with the colossal task of leading Russia's war effort against Germany, including strategy, tactics, logistics and coordination with the government. After the Gorlice–Tarnów offensive in 1915, Tsar Nicholas replaced the Grand Duke as commander-in-chief of the army. He later was a successful commander-in-chief in the Caucasus region. He was briefly recognized as emperor in 1922 in areas controlled by the White movement in the Russian Far East.