Gingee Fort
| Gingee Fort | |
|---|---|
| Part of Tamil Nadu | |
| Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu, India | |
A panorama of the Senji fort with the Kalyana Mahal visible just right of centre | |
| Site information | |
| Type | Forts |
| Owner | Government of India |
| Controlled by | Chola Empire (9th century) Kadava dynasty (1130–13th century) Vijayanagara Empire (1345–1565) Gingee Nayaks (1509–1649) Bijapur Sultanate (1649–1677) Maratha Empire (1677–1698) Mughal Empire(1698–1750) French Empire (1750–1761) United Kingdom
|
| Open to the public | Yes |
| Condition | Ruins |
| Location | |
Gingee Fort | |
| Coordinates | 12°15′00″N 79°23′41″E / 12.2501°N 79.3948°E [1] |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1st century |
| Built by | Initially Kadavan Saenjiyarkon of Kadava dynasty and later Chola dynasty, Vijayanagara Empire |
| Materials | Granite Stones and lime mortar |
| Events | National Monument (1921) |
| Part of | Maratha Military Landscapes of India |
| Criteria | Cultural: iv, vi |
| Reference | 1739-012 |
| Inscription | 2025 (47th Session) |
Gingee Fort or Senji Fort (also known as Chenji, Chanchi, Jinji or Senchi) in Tamil Nadu, India is one of the surviving forts in Tamil Nadu, India. It is popularly known as Great Wall of South India. It lies in Villupuram District, 160 kilometres (99 mi) from the state capital, Chennai, and is close to the Union Territory of Puducherry. It is ranked as the "most impregnable fortress in India", and was called the "Troy of the East" by the British.
Originally mentioned as the territory of a Kadava king titled Senjiyar Kon in Ottakoothar's Moovarula around 1123 AD. The fort was built as a strategic place of fending off any invading armies. As per one account, the fort was further fortified during the 15–16th century. The fort was won for Swarajya by Subedar Harji Rajemahadik for the Marathas under the leadership of Shivaji in 1677 AD. It was then conquered by the Bijapur sultans, the Moghuls, the Carnatic Nawabs, the French and finally the British in 1761. The fort is closely associated with Raja Tej Singh, who unsuccessfully revolted against the Nawab of Arcot and eventually lost his life in a battle.
The Gingee Fort complex is on three hillocks: Krishnagiri to the north, Rajagiri or Anandagiri to the west and Chakilidurg to the southeast. The three hills together constitute a fort complex, each having a separate and self-contained citadel. The fort walls are 13 km (8.1 mi) and the three hills are connected by walls enclosing an area of 11 square kilometres (4.2 mi2). It was built at a height of 800 feet (240 m) and protected by an 80 feet (24 m) wide moat. The complex has a seven-storeyed Kalyana Mahal(marriage hall)which has a pyramidical shikhara or summit on top, granaries, prison cells, and a temple dedicated to its presiding goddess called Chenjiamman. The fortifications contain a sacred pond known as Aanaikulam. On the top of the hillock, there are minor fortifications. The fort, in modern times, is maintained and administered by the Archaeological Survey of India. The fort is one of the prominent tourist destinations in Villupuram district.