Frobenius inner product

In mathematics, the Frobenius inner product (also known as the Double-dot product) is a binary operation that takes two matrices and returns a scalar. It is often denoted or . The operation is a component-wise inner product of two matrices as though they are vectors, and satisfies the axioms for an inner product. The two matrices must have the same dimension—same number of rows and columns—but are not restricted to be square matrices.

It is named after Ferdinand Georg Frobenius.