Focal adhesion

Focal adhesions (FAs) also cell–matrix adhesions are large multiprotein complexes through which mechanical force and regulatory signals are transmitted between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and an interacting cell. Focal adhesions are associated with the outer cell membrane, located at the ends of actin fibres of the cytoskeleton. They mediate the regulatory signaling events of a cell's response to ECM adhesion.

Focal adhesions serve as the mechanical linkages to the ECM, and as a biochemical signaling hub to concentrate and direct numerous signaling proteins at sites of integrin binding and clustering.

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