Flathead motorcycles
Flathead motorcycles are a type of bike that was a standard for pre-war motorcycles, in particular US V-twins such as Harley-Davidson and Indian, some British singles, BMW flat twins and Russian copies thereof.
Flathead motorcycles have side-valves contained within the engine block, instead of in the cylinder head, as in an overhead valve engine. This early engine design has mostly fallen into disuse.
In 1925 Cleveland Motorcycle Manufacturing Company released a motorcycle with a 36.5 cubic inches (598 cc) T-head four-cylinder engine designed by L. E. Fowler.