FS E.323 and E.324

Specifications
Specifications
Configuration:;
• UIC	C
Wheel diameter	1,040 mm (41 in)
Wheelbase:
• Leading	4,000 mm (13 ft) (1,500 + 2,500 mm [4.9 + 8.2 ft])
Length	9,240 mm (30.31 ft)
Height	3,700 mm (12.1 ft)
Loco weight	46 tonnes (45 long tons; 51 short tons)
Power supply	Direct current at 3 kV
Gear ratio	1:15.8 (Vmax32 km/h [20 mph]);; 1:7.54 (Vmax 64 km/h [40 mph]).

Type and origin
Type and origin
Power type	Electric
Builder	Tecnomasio
Build date	1st series: 1966-1967; 2nd series: 1970-1971
Total produced	30 E.323 + 10 E.324

FS locomotives E.323 and E.324
FS locomotives E.323 and E.324
	FS locomotive E.323.018 in service at Genova Brignole railway station on March 10, 1996
Power type
Type and origin
Power type	Electric
Builder	Tecnomasio
Build date	1st series: 1966-1967; 2nd series: 1970-1971
Total produced	30 E.323 + 10 E.324
Configuration:;
Specifications
Configuration:;
• UIC	C
Wheel diameter	1,040 mm (41 in)
Wheelbase:
• Leading	4,000 mm (13 ft) (1,500 + 2,500 mm [4.9 + 8.2 ft])
Length	9,240 mm (30.31 ft)
Height	3,700 mm (12.1 ft)
Loco weight	46 tonnes (45 long tons; 51 short tons)
Power supply	Direct current at 3 kV
Gear ratio	1:15.8 (Vmax32 km/h [20 mph]);; 1:7.54 (Vmax 64 km/h [40 mph]).
Maximum speed
Performance figures
Maximum speed	64 km/h (40 mph)
Power output:;
• 1 hour	210 kW (280 hp)
• Continuous	190 kW (250 hp)
Tractive effort:;
• Starting	147 kN (33,000 lbf)
• 1 hour	91.2 kN (20,500 lbf) at 6.66 km/h (4.14 mph)
• Continuous	82.4 kN (18,500 lbf) at 7.44 km/h (4.62 mph)

The E.323 and E.324 were two classes of 3,000 V direct current electric locomotives operated by the Italian State Railways (FS), primarily used for shunting duties in large rail yards. The E.324 class lacked both a driver's cab and a pantograph, and was designed to operate in multiple unit control with the E.323 class, effectively doubling the latter's performance.

These locomotives were a development of the FS E.321 and E.322 classes. They retained the electrical systems of their predecessors, updated based on operational experience and technological advancements, while the mechanical components were newly designed.

In the early 1970s, as part of a collaboration between FS and the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Rome "La Sapienza," an E.323 unit was selected for the development and testing of an electronic converter intended to power a three-phase traction motor. This project, which would have marked the first application of a three-phase traction motor in a 3 kV DC locomotive, was eventually abandoned due to advancements in power electronics associated with the development of the E.402 class locomotives.