Exascale computing

Exascale computing refers to computing systems capable of calculating at least 1018 IEEE 754 double precision (64-bit) operations (multiplications and/or additions) per second (exaFLOPS)"; it is a measure of supercomputer performance.

Exascale computing is a significant achievement in computer engineering: primarily, it allows improved scientific applications and better prediction accuracy in domains such as weather forecasting, climate modeling and personalised medicine. Exascale also reaches the estimated processing power of the human brain at the neural level, a target of the now defunct Human Brain Project. There has been a race to be the first country to build an exascale computer, typically ranked in the TOP500 list.

In 2022, the world's first public exascale computer, Frontier, was announced. As of November 2024, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's El Capitan is the world's fastest exascale supercomputer.

A new exascale supercomputer, JUPITER, was inaugurated in Germany in 2025. Although it is the 4th in the world ranking at the moment, it has the number‑one position on the Green500 ranking, because the system runs entirely on renewable energy and features cutting-edge cooling and energy reuse, making it the world's most energy-efficient supercomputer.

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