Electricity sector in India
| Data | |
|---|---|
| Electricity coverage | 100% |
| Continuity of supply | Urban- 23.4 hr; Rural- 22.6 hr (2023-24) |
| Production | 1824 TWh (FY 2024-25) |
| GHG emissions from electricity generation (FY 2023-24) | 1204.5 million tonne |
| Average electricity use | 1,460 kWh per capita (FY 2024-25) |
| Transmission & Distribution losses | 17.68% (FY 2022-23) |
| Institutions | |
| Responsibility for regulation | Central Electricity Regulatory Commission |
| Responsibility for policy-setting | Ministry of Power |
India is the third-largest producer and consumer of electricity globally after China and the United States. In FY 2024-25, the country generated 1824 TWh of power, of which 25% came from non-fossil sources. India has achieved near-universal household electrification, though the quality and reliability of supply remain uneven across regions.
Electricity in India is generated by both public and private sector utilities, transmitted through a unified national grid, and distributed primarily by state-owned distribution companies. The sector has undergone significant reforms since the Electricity Act of 2003, which introduced competition, open access, and independent regulation. Despite rapid growth in generation and transmission capacity, the distribution segment continues to face financial stress due to high technical and commercial losses, tariff constraints, and subsidy burdens.
India has also emerged as a global leader in renewable energy deployment, with renewables accounting for 89% of capacity additions in FY 2024-25. The country has set ambitious targets to achieve 500 GW of non-fossil fuel capacity by 2030 as part of its transition toward a low-carbon energy system.