Dubai

Dubai
دبي
Dubayy
Nicknames: 
DXB, Dar Al-Hay, The Pearl of the Gulf, The Venice of the Gulf, The City of the World, The City of Gold
Dubai
Dubai in United Arab Emirates
Dubai
Dubai in Persian Gulf
Dubai
Dubai in Middle East
Dubai
Dubai in Asia
Coordinates: 25°12′17″N 55°16′15″E / 25.20472°N 55.27083°E / 25.20472; 55.27083
Country United Arab Emirates
Emirate Dubai
First mentioned1095
First established1822
Founded byObeid bin Said & Maktoum bin Butti Al Maktoum
Government
 • TypeAbsolute monarchy
 • BodyDubai Executive Council
 • Director General of Dubai MunicipalityMarwan Bin Ghalita
 • Ruler of DubaiMohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
Area
 • Urban
1,491 km2 (576 sq mi)
 • Metro
3,913 km2 (1,511 sq mi)
Population
 (2025)
 • City
3,944,751
 • Rank1st
 • Urban
4,945,000
 • Urban density3,317/km2 (8,590/sq mi)
 • Metro
6,359,527
 • Metro density1,625/km2 (4,209/sq mi)
DemonymDubaian
GDP
 • CityUS$ 134.6 billion (2023)
 • MetroUS$ 202.8 billion (2023)
Time zoneUTC+04:00 (UAE Standard Time)
ClimateHot desert climate (BWh)
Websitetec.gov.ae/en/web/tec/home

Dubai is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates and the capital of the Emirate of Dubai. It is on a creek on the southeastern coast of the Persian Gulf. As of 2025, its population stands at 4 million, 92% of whom are expatriates. The wider urban area includes Sharjah and has a population of 5 million people as of 2023, while the Dubai–Sharjah–Ajman metropolitan area has a population of 6 million people.

Founded in the early 18th century as a pearling and fishing settlement, Dubai became a regional trade hub in the 20th century after declaring itself a free port (1901) and extending the Creek (1961). Modest oil revenue helped accelerate Dubai's development from the 1960s to the 1990s, when the city started to diversify its economy. In 2018, oil production contributed less than 1% to the emirate's GDP.

Rapid construction since the 1990s has produced one of the world's densest skylines, including the world's tallest building, the Burj Khalifa. Extensive land-reclamation projects have added more than 300 kilometres (190 mi) of artificial coastline. The city has a large real estate market, especially in the luxury segment.

Dubai's economy centres on trade, tourism, aviation, financial services, and real estate. The Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) is one of the world's major financial centres. In 2024, Dubai was the seventh most-visited city globally. Dubai International Airport (DXB) is the world's busiest airport for international passenger traffic, handling over 92 million passengers in 2024.