Doping in association football
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The use of performance-enhancing drugs in association football occurres since the 1920s. Incidences of the use of performance-enhancing drugs ("doping") in football seem to be lower than in other sports. However, this could also be explained by the low amount of unannounced drug testing during training and lack of sample preservation. There were also no further investigations or consequences in the Operación Puerto doping case or other revelations.