Digital media use and mental health

Researchers in psychology, sociology, anthropology, and medicine have studied the relationship between digital media use and mental health since the mid-1990s, following the rise of the internet and mobile communication technologies. Much research has examined patterns of excessive or problematic use, sometimes described as "digital dependencies," which can vary across cultures and societies. At the same time, some studies have highlighted potential benefits of moderate digital media use, including supporting mental health or facilitating access to online support communities. Overall, the effect of digital media on mental health are complex and vary depending on individual, cultural, and platform-specific factors.

The distinction between beneficial and excessive digital media use has not yet been clearly established. Few widely accepted diagnostic criteria exist for problematic or pathological use, although some experts have suggested that overuse may be related to underlying psychiatric disorders. Recommendations for safer media use for children and families have been proposed, but prevention and treatment strategies are not standardized.Research also highlights ongoing debate regarding the classification of problematic digital media behaviours and the appropriateness of terms such as "addiction."

Digital media use, including time spent on social media platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, Snapchat, and Facebook, has been associated with both positive and negative effects on the cognitive, social and emotional development of children and adolescents.Evidence suggests that the relationship between digital media use and mental health outcomes is complex and may vary depending on the individual, the type of platform used, and patterns of engagement.

A 2017 study by He, Turel, and Bechara reported that excessive social media use was associated with reduced gray matter volume in brain regions involved in attention and impulse control, suggesting potential structural changes related to long-term overstimulation.

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