Demographics of Singapore

As of June 2025, Singapore had a total population of 6.11 million. This includes 4.20 million residents, consisting of 3.66 million Singaporeans and 540,000 permanent residents. The remaining 1.91 million are non-residents. Singapore is a multiracial and multicultural society. The population is broadly classified under the CMIO system: Chinese, Malay, Indian, and "Others." While Malays are recognised as the indigenous community, ethnic Chinese account for 75.5 percent of residents, with Malays and Indians making up 15.1 and 7.6 percent respectively. As of the 2020 census, these three groups constitute 98.2 percent of the resident population. The remaining 1.8 percent, categorised as Others, are largely Eurasians.

Major religions include Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Taoism and Hinduism, although about 20 percent of residents have no religion. More minor religions such as Judaism and Sikhism also maintain a presence. Non-residents, whose numbers have risen sharply since the 1990s and accounted for nearly 30 percent of the total population in 2020, are excluded from resident statistics and may originate from a wide range of nationalities beyond the CMIO framework. Officially, mixed-race Singaporeans are typically assigned their father's race, though their identity card may also reflect both parents' ethnicities.

Singapore has four official languages: English, Malay, Mandarin and Tamil. Malay holds the status of national language, while English is the main working language. The education system is bilingual, with English as the medium of instruction and a second language, usually Malay, Mandarin or Tamil, also required. Singlish, a local creole, is commonly spoken in informal settings across all major ethnic groups.

In 2024, the resident total fertility rate (TFR) was 0.97, with Chinese at 0.83, Malays at 1.58, and Indians at 0.91. Singapore had one of the world's eight lowest TFRs in 2023.