Demographics of Portugal
| Demographics of Portugal | |
|---|---|
Population pyramid of Portugal as of 2023 | |
| Population | 10,749,635 (2024) |
| Density | 116.6/km2 (302/sq mi) (2024) |
| Growth rate | 1.0% (2024) |
| Birth rate | 7.9 births/1,000 population (2024) |
| Death rate | 11.1 deaths/1,000 population (2024) |
| Life expectancy | 82.7 years (2024) |
| • male | 79.8 years (2024) |
| • female | 85.4 years (2024) |
| Fertility rate | 1.40 children (2024) |
| Infant mortality rate | 3.0 deaths/1,000 live births (2024) |
| Net migration rate | 13.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024) |
| Age structure | |
| 0–14 years | 12.7% (2024) |
| 15–64 years | 63.0% (2024) |
| 65 and over | 24.3% (2024) |
| Sex ratio | |
| Total | 0.9 male(s)/female (2024) |
| At birth | 1.05 male(s)/female |
| Under 15 | 1.05 male(s)/female |
| 15–64 years | 0.97 male(s)/female |
| 65 and over | 0.66 male(s)/female |
| Nationality | |
| Nationality | Portuguese citizen |
| Major ethnic | Portuguese |
| Minor ethnic |
|
| Language | |
| Official | Portuguese |
| Spoken | Languages of Portugal |
Demographic features of the population of Portugal include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. As of 2024, Portugal had an estimated population of 10,749,635 inhabitants. Its population density, at 116.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (302/sq mi), is slightly higher than that of most EU countries, moderately surpassing the EU average of 105.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (273/sq mi).
High fertility and birth rates persisted until the 1980s, after which they started to dramatically decline, leading to rapid population aging. At the end of the first decade of the 21st century, almost one in five Portuguese was over 65 years old. Lately, Portugal has been experiencing a short growth in birth rates. The total fertility rate has climbed from an all-time low of 1.21 children per woman in 2013 to 1.43 in 2022, still well below replacement level.
Portugal is a fairly linguistically and religiously homogeneous country. Ethnically, the Portuguese people form a big majority of the total population in Portugal. The Portuguese people are mainly a combination of ancient paleolithic populations, and the proto-Celtic, Celtic, and the para-Celtic Lusitanians. Some other groups, like the Romans, Germanic (Visigoths, Suevi, Buri, Alans and Vandals) and later the Moorish (Arabs and Berber), Sephardic Jewish, and the French also passed through the country.
Today, Brazilians, Britons, Indians, Italians, French, Ukrainians, Nepalis and countries members of PALOP (Portuguese-speaking African countries) are the main immigrants and form the major foreign communities in the country.
Portuguese is spoken throughout the country, with only some villages near the northern municipality of Miranda do Douro speaking Mirandese, locally recognised as a co-official language.