Demographics of Bihar

According to the 2023 Bihar Caste Census, Bihar had a total population of 130,725,310, nearly 89% of it rural. It was also India's most densely populated state, with 1,388 persons per square kilometre. 82% of Bihar's population practiced Hinduism, while 17.7% followed Islam.

As of 2011, the sex ratio was 918 females per 1000 males. Almost 58% of Bihar's population was below 25 years age, which is the highest in India. At 11.3%, Bihar has the second-lowest urbanisation rate in India after Himachal Pradesh.

Most of Bihar's population belongs to a collection of ethnic groups speaking indic languages, the most prominent ones being Bhojpuri, Maithili and Magahi. It also attracted Punjabi Hindu refugees during the Partition of British India in 1947. Bihar has a total literacy rate of 70.70% (79.70% for males and 60.5 % for females), recording a growth of 20% in female literacy over the preceding decade. According to the 2011 census, 82.7% of Bihar's population practised Hinduism, while 16.9% followed Islam. As of 2021, Bihar has highest fertility rate of 3.41 in comparison to the other states of India.

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