Damascus
Damascus
دِمَشْق | |
|---|---|
A view of the city at night from Mount Qasioun | |
|
Emblem | |
| Nickname: City of Jasmine | |
Interactive map of Damascus | |
Damascus Location of Damascus within Syria Damascus Location within the Near East Damascus Location within Asia | |
| Coordinates: 33°30′47″N 36°18′34″E / 33.51306°N 36.30944°E | |
| Country | Syria |
| Governorate | Damascus |
| Settled | c. 3000 BC |
| Municipalities | 16 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Mayor–council government |
| • President of Damascus City Council | Mohammad Yasser Ghazal |
| Area | |
| 105 km2 (41 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 77 km2 (30 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 680 m (2,230 ft) |
| Population (2024 Estimate) | |
| • Rank | 1st in Syria 15th in the Arab World |
| • Metro | 2,799,960 |
| • Metro density | 26,666/km2 (69,060/sq mi) |
| Demonyms | English: Damascene Arabic: دِمَشقِيّ, romanized: Dimašqiyy |
| Time zone | UTC+03:00 (AST) |
| Postal code | 0100 |
| Area code | Country code: 963, City code: 11 |
| Geocode | C1001 |
| ISO 3166 code | SY-DI |
| Climate | BWk |
| HDI (2021) | 0.612 – medium |
| International airport | Damascus International Airport |
| Website | www |
| Official name | Ancient City of Damascus |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | i, ii, iii, iv, vi |
| Designated | 1979 (3rd session) |
| Reference no. | 20 |
| Region | Arab States |
Damascus is the capital and largest city of Syria. It is the oldest capital city in the world. Known colloquially in Syria as aš-Šām and dubbed, poetically, the "City of Jasmine" (مَدِيْنَةُ الْيَاسْمِينِ, Madīnat al-Yāsmīn), Damascus is a major cultural center of the Levant and the Arab world.
Situated in southwestern Syria, Damascus is the center of a large metropolitan area. Nestled among the eastern foothills of the Anti-Lebanon mountain range 80 kilometres (50 mi) inland from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean on a plateau 680 metres (2,230 ft) above sea level, Damascus experiences an arid climate because of the rain shadow effect. The Barada River flows through Damascus.
Damascus is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. First settled in the 3rd millennium BC, it was chosen as the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 750. After the victory of the Abbasid dynasty, the seat of Islamic power was moved to Baghdad. According to some, Damascus is the fourth holiest city in Islam. The city saw its importance decline throughout the Abbasid era, only to regain significant importance in the Ayyubid and Mamluk periods.
Today, it is the seat of the central government of Syria. Damascus was named the least livable city out of 140 global cities in the Global Liveability Ranking. As of June 2023, it was the least livable out of 173 global cities in the same Global Liveability Ranking. In 2017, two development projects were launched in Damascus to build new residential districts, Marota City and Basillia City to symbolize post-war reconstruction.