Cuprate

For cuprate superconductors, see Cuprate superconductor.

Cuprates are a class of compounds that contain copper (Cu) atom(s) in an anion. The term 'cuprate' itself originates from 'cuprum', the Latin word for copper. Cuprates appear mainly in three contexts: anionic organocopper species; inorganic, anionic coordination complexes; and complex oxides.

Organic cuprates typically have a [CuR2]− formula, corresponding to a copper(I) oxidation state, where at least one of the R groups can be any organic group. These compounds are frequently used in organic synthesis as weak nucleophiles that preferentially attack π bonds. An example of an organic cuprate is dimethylcuprate(I) anion [Cu(CH3)2]−.

Inorganic cuprate complexes have a wide variety of formulas. An inorganic cuprate example is the tetrachloridocuprate(II) or tetrachlorocuprate(II) ([CuCl4]2−) anion, a copper(II) atom coordinated to four chloride ions.

Cuprate oxide salts are layered materials with general formula XYCumOn, and some are non-stoichiometric. Many of these compounds are known for their superconducting properties.

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