Cumaná

Cumaná (Spanish pronunciation: [kumaˈna]) is the capital city of Venezuela's Sucre State. It is located 402 kilometres (250 mi) east of Caracas. Cumaná was one of the first cities founded by Spain in the mainland Americas and is the oldest continuously-inhabited Hispanic-established city in South America. Its early history includes several successful counters by the indigenous people of the area who were attempting to prevent Spanish incursion into their land, resulting in the city being refounded several times. The municipality of Sucre, which includes the capital city, Cumaná, had a population of 358,919 at the 2011 Census; the latest estimate (as of mid-2016) is 423,546.

The city is located at the mouth of the Manzanares River on the Caribbean coast, in the northeast of Venezuela. It is home to the first and most important of the five campuses of the Universidad de Oriente, and is a busy maritime port, home to one of the largest tuna fleets in Venezuela. The city is close to Mochima National Park, whose beaches are a popular tourist destination among Venezuelans.

Key heroes of and contributors to the Venezuelan independence movement were born in Cumaná, including Antonio José de Sucre, the ‘Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho’, a leading general who also served as president of Bolivia and president of Peru. Cumaná is also the birthplace of eminent poets, writers, and politicians like Andrés Eloy Blanco, an important figure in Latin American literature who later rose to the national political scene, as well as José Antonio Ramos Sucre, another distinguished poet and diplomat. Several significant scientists, including Pehr Löfling from Sweden, Alexander von Humboldt from Germany, and Aimé Bonpland from France accomplished experimental works and discoveries while visiting or living in Cumaná in the 18th century. The city is also home to a Toyota plant, which manufactured from 1981 to 2013 the Hilux and Toyota Fortuner.