Copeland's method

The Copeland or Llull method is a ranked-choice voting system based on counting each candidate's pairwise wins and losses.

In the system, voters rank candidates from best to worst on their ballot. Candidates then compete in a round-robin tournament, where the ballots are used to determine which candidate would be preferred by a majority of voters in each matchup. The candidate is the one who wins the most matchups (with ties winning half a point).

Copeland's method falls in the class of Condorcet methods, as any candidate who wins every one-on-one election will clearly have the most victories overall. Copeland's method has the advantage of being likely the simplest Condorcet method to explain and of being easy to administer by hand. On the other hand, as one-on-one ties are common or score ties are common, the procedure frequently results in ties, hence often producing no Condorcet winner. As a result, it is typically only used for low-stakes elections.

A special case of this method is promoted by Better Choices for Democracy under the name Consensus Choice Voting.

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