Computational microscopy
Computational microscopy combines tailored illumination, coherent scattering, and algorithmic reconstruction to generate quantitative 2D and 3D images spanning length scales from ångströms to centimeters. The field unifies the principles of microscopy and crystallography by replacing or augmenting optical components with phase-retrieval and computational algorithms. Major approaches include coherent diffractive imaging (CDI), ptychography (X-ray and electron), and Fourier ptychography (optical). Together they achieve record spatial resolution, wide fields of view, and quantitative phase contrast across applications ranging from materials and quantum systems to biological imaging and device metrology.