CD and DVD copy protection

CD/DVD copy protection is a blanket term for various methods of copy protection for CDs and DVDs. Such methods include DRM, CD-checks, Dummy Files, illegal tables of contents, over-sizing or over-burning the CD, physical errors and bad sectors. Many protection schemes rely on breaking compliance with CD and DVD standards, leading to playback problems on some devices.

During the development of the DVD, also copy-protection measures were debated to prevent illicit copies from being made from either the analog or digital I/O channels of DVD recorders. The digital transmission of content is protected by an encryption protocol between two communicating devices and content on the disc is encrypted. Digital watermarking of the video content combined with the use of hidden identifiers, e.g. Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) on the disc were proposed to encode copy-control information retrievable from both digital and analog signals.

Protection schemes rely on distinctive features that:

  • can be applied to a medium during the manufacturing process, so that a protected medium is distinguishable from an unprotected one.
  • cannot be faked, copied, or retroactively applied to an unprotected medium using typical hardware and software.
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