Climate of Mecca
21°25′0″N 39°49′0″E / 21.41667°N 39.81667°E
Mecca features a hot desert climate. Mecca retains its hot temperature in winter, which can range from 18 °C (64 °F) at night to 30 °C (86 °F) in the day. Summer temperatures are extremely hot, often being over 40 °C (104 °F) during the day, dropping to 30 °C (86 °F) at night. Rain usually falls in Mecca in small amounts between November and January. The rainfall, as scant as it is, also presents the threat of flooding and has been a danger since the earliest times. According to Al-Kurdī, there had been 89 historic floods by 1965, including several in the period. In the last century the most severe one occurred in 1941. Since then, dams have been constructed to ameliorate the problem.
| Climate data for Makkah | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 37.8 (100.0) |
38.3 (100.9) |
42.4 (108.3) |
44.7 (112.5) |
49.4 (120.9) |
51.8 (125.2) |
51.0 (123.8) |
49.7 (121.5) |
49.4 (120.9) |
47.0 (116.6) |
41.2 (106.2) |
39.4 (102.9) |
51.8 (125.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.5 (86.9) |
31.7 (89.1) |
34.9 (94.8) |
38.7 (101.7) |
42.0 (107.6) |
43.8 (110.8) |
43.0 (109.4) |
42.8 (109.0) |
42.8 (109.0) |
40.1 (104.2) |
35.2 (95.4) |
32.0 (89.6) |
38.1 (100.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.0 (75.2) |
24.7 (76.5) |
27.3 (81.1) |
31.0 (87.8) |
34.3 (93.7) |
35.8 (96.4) |
35.9 (96.6) |
35.7 (96.3) |
35.0 (95.0) |
32.2 (90.0) |
28.4 (83.1) |
25.6 (78.1) |
30.8 (87.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 18.8 (65.8) |
19.1 (66.4) |
21.1 (70.0) |
24.5 (76.1) |
27.6 (81.7) |
28.6 (83.5) |
29.1 (84.4) |
29.5 (85.1) |
28.9 (84.0) |
25.9 (78.6) |
23.0 (73.4) |
20.3 (68.5) |
24.7 (76.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 11.0 (51.8) |
10.0 (50.0) |
13.0 (55.4) |
15.6 (60.1) |
20.3 (68.5) |
22.0 (71.6) |
23.4 (74.1) |
23.4 (74.1) |
22.0 (71.6) |
18.0 (64.4) |
16.4 (61.5) |
12.4 (54.3) |
10.0 (50.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 20.8 (0.82) |
3.0 (0.12) |
5.5 (0.22) |
10.3 (0.41) |
1.2 (0.05) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.4 (0.06) |
5.0 (0.20) |
5.4 (0.21) |
14.5 (0.57) |
22.6 (0.89) |
22.1 (0.87) |
111.8 (4.42) |
| Average precipitation days | 4.0 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 22.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 58 | 54 | 48 | 43 | 36 | 33 | 34 | 39 | 45 | 50 | 58 | 59 | 46 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 8.4 | 8.7 | 9.1 | 9.4 | 9.8 | 10.7 | 10.1 | 9.6 | 9.4 | 9.7 | 8.8 | 8.0 | 9.3 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 76 | 80 | 76 | 72 | 75 | 82 | 78 | 74 | 78 | 81 | 80 | 73 | 77 |
| Source 1: Jeddah Regional Climate Center | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (sun, 1986–2000) | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Mecca | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily daylight hours | 11.0 | 11.5 | 12.0 | 12.6 | 13.2 | 13.4 | 13.3 | 12.8 | 12.3 | 11.7 | 11.1 | 10.9 | 12.1 |
| Average Ultraviolet index | 7 | 9 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 9.8 |
| Source: Weather Atlas | |||||||||||||