Chovot HaLevavot

Chovot HaLevavot (Hebrew: חוֹבוֹת הַלְּבָבוֹת, romanized: Ḥoḇoṯ hal-Leḇāḇoṯ; Judeo-Arabic: כתאב אל-הידאיה אילא פרעיד אל-קולוב, romanized: Kitāb al‑Hidāyah ilā Farāʾiḍ al‑Qulūb, lit. 'Book of Guidance to the Duties [of] the Heart[s]'), known in English as The Duties of the Hearts, is the primary work of the Jewish scholar Bahya ibn Paquda, a rabbi believed to have lived in the taifa of Zaragoza in al-Andalus in the eleventh century. It was written in Judeo-Arabic c. 1080 CE and translated into Hebrew by Judah ben Saul ibn Tibbon during 1161–1180 as Torat Chovot HaLevavot (תּוֹרַת חוֹבוֹת הַלְּבָבוֹת, 'Teaching of [the] Duties [of] the Heart'). There was another contemporary translation by Joseph Kimhi, but its complete text did not endure time. In 1973, Yosef Qafih published his Hebrew translation from the original Judeo-Arabic, the latter appearing beside his Hebrew translation.