Chinese espionage in the United States

For a list of individuals suspected or convicted of spying on the United States for China, see List of Chinese spy cases in the United States of America.

The United States has often accused the People's Republic of China (PRC) of unlawfully acquiring US military technology, classified information, personnel data, and trade secrets of US companies in order to support China's long-term military and commercial development. Alleged perpetrators include Chinese government agencies, affiliated personnel, civilian-in-name companies and their network of academic or business contacts.

Individuals convicted of traditional espionage include Larry Wu-tai Chin, Katrina Leung, Gwo-Bao Min, Chi Mak, Peter Lee, and Shujun Wang. The PRC also uses cyber espionage to penetrate the computer networks of U.S. businesses and government agencies. Notable examples include the 2009 Operation Aurora and the 2015 Office of Personnel Management data breach. Units of the People's Liberation Army have also been implicated in a number of cyber intrusions.

US law enforcement officials have identified China as the most active foreign power involved in the illegal acquisition of American technology. According to the Center for Strategic and International Studies, from 2000 to 2023, there were 224 reported instances of Chinese spying in the United States.

During its martial law period (1949–1987), the Republic of China government on Taiwan spied on its citizens abroad, especially in the United States.

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