History of Chechnya and Ingushetia (1934–1993)
| Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Oblast (1934–1936) Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1944, 1957–1990) Checheno-Ingush Soviet Socialist Republic (1990–1992) Checheno-Ingush Republic (1992–1993) | |
|---|---|
| Autonomous oblast of the RSFSR ASSR of the Russian SFSR Republic of the Russian Federation | |
Flag
(1978–1990) | |
Map of the Checheno-Ingush ASSR | |
| Anthem | |
| Чечено-Ингушетия Моя "My Checheno-Ingushetia" (1966–1992) | |
| Capital | Grozny (until 1991) Nazran (de facto, from 1991) |
| Demonym |
|
| Government | |
| • Motto | Массо а мехкийн пролетарийш, цхьаьнакхета! (Chechen) Масса а мехкашкара пролетареш, вӏашагӏкхета! (Ingush) "Workers of the world, unite!" |
| Historical era | 20th century |
• Unification of the Ingush and Chechen autonomous oblasts; the Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Oblast formed | 15 January 1934 |
• Elevation into an ASSR | 5 December 1936 |
| 7 March 1944 | |
• Autonomous Republic restored | 9 January 1957 |
• Sovereignty declared (Renamed to the Checheno-Ingush SSR) | 27 November 1990 |
| 30 November 1991 | |
• Renamed to the Checheno-Ingush Republic | 16 May 1992 |
• The Checheno-Ingush Republic divided into Ingush and Chechen republics | 9 January 1993 |
| Contained within | |
| • Country | Soviet Union (1934–1991) Russian Federation (1991–1993) |
| Today part of | Russia · Chechnya · Ingushetia |
When the Soviet Union existed, different governments had ruled the northern Caucasus regions of Chechnya and Ingushetia. Within the Mountain Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, later annexed into the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, they were known as the Chechen Autonomous Oblast and the Ingush Autonomous Oblast, which were unified on January 15, 1934, to form the Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Oblast. It was elevated to an autonomous republic as the Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic from 1936 to 1944 and again from 1957 to 1993. Its capital was Grozny.
However, because of alleged collaboration with Nazi Germany and the Axis powers during World War II, the autonomous republic was abolished on 7 March 1944 resulting the ethnic cleansing of the Chechens and Ingush from its territory. The autonomous republic's status was restored in January 1957. The 1979 census reported the territory had an area of 19,300 square kilometres (7,500 sq mi) and a population of 1,155,805 (1979 Census): 611,405 Chechens, 134,744 Ingush, and the rest were Russians and other ethnic groups.