Chava Shapiro

Chava Shapiro
Photograph of Chava Shapiro (c. 1904)
Born(1876-12-26)26 December 1876
Died28 February 1943(1943-02-28) (aged 66)
Pen nameEm Kol Chai (אֵם כָּל חָי)
OccupationWriter, critic, and journalist
LanguageHebrew, Yiddish, German
Spouse
  • Limel Rosenbaum
    (m. 1895; div. 1907)
  • Josef Winternitz
    (m. 1930)
Academic background
Alma materUniversity of Bern
ThesisLichtenberg als Philosoph (1911)
Doctoral advisorLudwig Stein

Chava Shapiro (Hebrew: חַוָּה שַׁפִירָא, romanizedḤava Shapira, German: Ewa Schapiro; 26 December 1876 – 28 February 1943), known also by the pen name Em Kol Chai (Hebrew: אֵם כָּל חָי, lit.'Mother of All Living'), was a Russian Jewish writer, critic, and journalist. A pioneer of Hebrew women's literature and feminist literary criticism, Shapiro was among the most prolific of the diasporic women writers of Hebrew in the early twentieth century.