Caterina Sforza

Caterina Sforza
Lady of Imola
Countess of Forlì
Regent of Imola and Forlì
Caterina Sforza, reproduction of a medal created c. 1488
Born1463
Milan, Duchy of Milan
Died28 May 1509 (aged 46)
Florence, Republic of Florence
Noble familySforza
SpousesGirolamo Riario
Giacomo Feo
Giovanni de' Medici il Popolano
IssueBianca Riario, Lady of Faenza, Countess and Marchioness of San Secondo
Ottaviano Riario
Cesare Riario
Giovanni Livio Riario
Galeazzo Maria Riario
Francesco Sforzino Riario
Bernardino (later Carlo) Feo
Ludovico (later Giovanni) de' Medici
FatherGaleazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan
MotherLucrezia Landriani

Caterina Sforza (1463 – 28 May 1509) was an Italian noblewoman who ruled as Countess of Forlì and Lady of Imola, initially alongside her husband Girolamo Riario, and later as regent for their son, Ottaviano Riario.

A descendant of a dynasty of prominent condottieri, Caterina Sforza distinguished herself from an early age through bold and impetuous actions aimed at safeguarding her possessions from usurpers and defending her dominions amid political intrigues. Her fearless and assertive character earned her the nickname La Tigre ("The Tiger"). In her private life, Caterina was devoted to various activities, including experiments in alchemy and a love of hunting, dancing, and horse riding. She was educated and engaged in religious rituals and matters, commissioned works of art, stood as a fashion icon, and was a collector of many jewels and clothing. In addition, she undertook urban, residential, and military architectural projects.

She had many children, but only the youngest, Captain Giovanni delle Bande Nere, inherited his mother's forceful, militant personality. Caterina's resistance to Cesare Borgia meant she had to face his fury and imprisonment. After she gained her freedom in Rome, she then went on to lead a quiet life in Florence. In the final years of her life, she confided to a monk: "Se io potessi scrivere tutto, farei stupire il mondo" ("If I could write everything that happened, I would shock the world").