Capuan bust of Hannibal

The marble sculpture commonly known as the Capuan Bust of Hannibal has traditionally been associated with the Carthaginian commander Hannibal, who led Carthage’s forces during the Second Punic War (218–201 BCE). The work portrays a bearded male figure wearing an Attic-style helmet decorated with a griffin and draped in a military cloak identified as a paludamentum. While earlier scholarship often treated the bust as a possible ancient likeness of Hannibal, most modern studies regard it as more likely a Renaissance creation inspired by classical models.