Campbell brothers (criminal duo)

The Campbell brothers were an American criminal duo active in Boston, Massachusetts, for several decades during the mid-20th century, consisting of Arnold S. Campbell and Alvin R. Campbell Sr. The Campbell brothers were regarded to have associations with the Winter Hill Gang. Their criminal activities primarily centered in the Roxbury neighborhood of Boston. The Campbell brothers were plaintiffs in the 1963 United States Supreme Court case Campbell v. United States, which related to their criminal trial for a 1957 bank robbery. The ruling granted them and a co-defendant a retrial, in which the brothers were again convicted but received a more lenient sentence). In the late 1960s, the brothers were tried along their acquaintance Dennis W. Chandler for the November 1968 triple homicide of Guido St. Laurent, Carnell Eaton, and Harold King (who were shot in an attack on the Roxbury headquarters office of the community nonprofit N.E.G.R.O. All three were acquitted (found "not guilty"). A key witness of the attack was killed before the trial; Johnny Martorano (a Winter Hill Gang hitman) confessed decades later to murdering the witness to prevent him from testifying against the brothers.

In the early 1980s, authorities claimed that Alvin Campbell was the "leading black organized crime figure in New England".