Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act

The Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019, also known as the Caesar Act, was United States legislation that sanctioned the former Syrian government, including the former Syrian president Bashar al-Assad, for war crimes against the Syrian population. The act was signed into law by President Trump in December 2019 and came into force on June 17, 2020. On 18 December 2025, a little over a year after the fall of the Assad Regime, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 repealed the Caesar Act.

Caesar sanctions were intended to create accountability for crimes by the Syrian government and its allies Russia and Iran. Sanctions were also to discourage foreign investors from doing business with the Syrian government, in an effort not to reward war crimes. The sanctions severely affected the Syrian economy, especially its construction, finance and energy sectors, and complicated the reconstruction efforts.

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