Binocular disparity

Main article: Stereopsis ยง Binocular disparity

Binocular disparity is the difference between the images from the left and right eyes. This difference can be caused by one or more of the following:

  • horizontal disparity: a difference caused by the left and right eyes looking from slightly different directions, which can cause depth differences between objects to be perceived;
  • vertical disparity, which is associated with vertical misalignments and tilting the head; and
  • cyclodisparity which is associated with unequal rotations of the two eyes around their visual axes;
  • aniseikonia: a significant difference in the size of the retinal images in the two eyes.

Vertical disparity, cyclodisparity and aniseikonia can impair depth perception and may cause double vision (diplopia).

The horopter is used in research to describe the relationship between disparity and depth perception (stereopsis), and between disparity and double images.

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