Betatron oscillations

Betatron oscillations are the fast transverse oscillations of a charged particle in various focusing systems, such as linear accelerators, storage rings or transfer channels. Oscillations are usually considered as a small deviations from the ideal reference orbit and determined by transverse forces of focusing elements, i.e., depending on transverse deviation value: quadrupole magnets, electrostatic lenses, RF-fields. This transverse motion is the subject of study of electron optics. Betatron oscillations were first studied by D.W. Kerst and R. Serber in 1941 while commissioning the first betatron. The fundamental study of betatron oscillations was carried out by Ernest Courant, M. Stanley Livingston and Hartland Snyder, who revolutionized high-energy accelerator design by applying the strong focusing principle.

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