Beijing Subway

Beijing Subway
Overview
OwnerBeijing Municipal Government
LocaleBeijing & Langfang, Hebei
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines30
Number of stations400
538
Daily ridership9.46 million (2023 daily avg.)
13.75 million (July 12, 2019, record)
Annual ridership3.45 billion (2023)
Websitebjsubway.com
mtr.bj.cn/en
bjmoa.cn
Operation
Began operationJanuary 15, 1971 (1971-01-15)
Operator(s)
CharacterUnderground, at grade and elevated
Number of vehicles6,173 Revenue Railcars (2019)
Technical
System length909 km (565 mi)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) standard gauge
Electrification
System map

Beijing Subway
Simplified Chinese北京地铁
Traditional Chinese北京地鐵
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinBěijīng Dìtiě
Bopomofoㄅㄟˇ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄉㄧˋ ㄊㄧㄝˇ
Wade–GilesPei3-ching1 Ti4-t‘ieh3
IPA[pèɪ.tɕíŋ.tî.tʰjè]
Hakka
Pha̍k-fa-sṳPet-kîn Thi-thiet
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationBākgīng Deihtit
Jyutpingbak1 ging1 dei6 tit3
IPA[pɐk̚˥.kɪŋ˥.tej˨.tʰit̚˧]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJPak-kiaⁿ Tē-thih
Teochew Peng'imbag4 gian1 di7 tih4
Eastern Min
Fuzhou BUCBáe̤k-gĭng Dê-tiék

The Beijing Subway is the rapid transit system of Beijing Municipality that consists of 30 lines including 25 rapid transit lines, two airport rail links, one maglev line and two light rail tram lines, and 524 stations. The rail network extends 909 km (565 mi) across 12 urban and suburban districts of Beijing and into one district of Langfang in neighboring Hebei province. In December 2023, Beijing Subway became the world's longest metro system by route length, surpassing the Shanghai Metro. With 3.8484 billion trips delivered in 2018 (10.544 million trips per day) and single-day ridership record of 13.7538 million set on July 12, 2019, the Beijing Subway was the world's busiest metro system in the years immediately prior to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Beijing Subway opened in 1971 and is the oldest metro system in China and on the mainland of East Asia. Before the system began its rapid expansion in 2002, the subway had only two lines. As the existing network still cannot adequately meet the city's mass transit needs, the Beijing Subway's extensive expansion plans call for 998.5 km (620.4 mi) of lines serving a projected 18.5 million trips every day upon the completion of the Phase 2 Construction Plan. The most recent expansion came into effect on December 27, 2025, with the opening of Line 18 and extensions of Line 6 and Line 17.