Bardeen–Pines interaction

In condensed matter physics, Bardeen–Pines interaction describes an effective interaction between two electrons in a metal. It combines the long-range repulsive Coulomb interaction with an attractive force mediated by lattice vibrations (phonons). The total interaction is modified by screening from the surrounding electron gas. Under certain conditions, this screening leads to overscreening, where the attractive phonon-mediated part of the interaction can temporarily dominate over the repulsive Coulomb force. This attractive component plays a crucial role in the formation of Cooper pairs in conventional superconductors and is a key ingredient in the BCS theory of superconductivity.

The interaction potential can be derived using quantum field theory under the random phase approximation (RPA), which captures the screening effects quantitatively.

It is named after John Bardeen and David Pines who postulated its existence in 1955.

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