BIMARU states

BIMARU (Hindi: बीमारू, Urdu: بیمارو, romanized: Bīmārū) is an acronym formed from the names of the states of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. It was coined by demographer Ashish Bose in the mid-1980s as the BIMARU states collectively scored low on the Human Development Index. The present-day states of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Uttarakhand were part of Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh, respectively, when the BIMARU acronym was coined. All of these are in the Hindi Belt, which also has the relatively richer states of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Chandigarh, and Uttarakhand. The acronym has also been used as a pejorative for the people originating from these states.

The acronym is regarded as outdated and not so often used today and during 2008–2011, some of BIMARU states had higher growth rate so some argued that the BIMARU concept was outdated. However, these states have a low economic base, and thus despite higher rate of growth, they remain much poorer than other states. The concept has re-emerged since 2015 due to the faltering growth rates of the states.

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