Avidyā (Buddhism)

Translations of
avidyā
Englishignorance, misconceptions
Sanskritavidyā
(Dev: अविद्या)
Paliavijjā
(Brah.: 𑀅𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸)
Burmeseအဝိဇ္ဇာ
(MLCTS: əweɪʔzà)
Chinese無明
(Pinyin: wúmíng)
Indonesianketidaktahuan,
kebodohan
Japanese無明
(mumyō)
Khmerអវិជ្ជា, អវិទ្យា
(UNGEGN: âvĭchchéa, âvĭtyéa)
Korean(Hangeul) 무명
(Hanja) 無明

(RR: mu myeong)
Sinhalaඅවිද්‍යාව
Tagalogavidya
Tibetanམ་རིག་པ
(Wylie: ma rig pa;
THL: ma rigpa
)
Thaiอวิชชา
(RTGSawitcha)
Vietnamesevô minh
Glossary of Buddhism

In Buddhism, the term Avidyā (Sanskrit: अविद्या; Pali: 𑀅𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸, romanized: avijjā; Tibetan transliteration: ma rigpa) commonly translates as "unseeing" or "ignorance," and refers to one's ignorance or misconceptions about the nature of metaphysical reality - the impermanence and anatta doctrines in particular. It is the root cause of dukkha,("suffering, unsatisfactoriness"), and asserted as the first link, in Buddhist phenomenology, of a process that leads to repeated birth.

Avidyā is mentioned within the Buddhist teachings as ignorance or misunderstanding in various contexts:

  • Four Noble Truths
  • The first link in the twelve links of dependent origination
  • One of the three poisons within the Mahayana Buddhist tradition
  • One of the six root kleshas within the Mahayana Abhidharma teachings
  • One of the ten fetters in the Theravada tradition
  • Equivalent to moha within the Theravada Abhidharma teachings

Within the context of the twelve links of dependent origination, avidya is typically symbolised by a person who is blind or wearing a blindfold.