Atom interferometer

An atom interferometer is a type of interferometer that uses the wave-like nature of atoms in order to produce interference. In atom interferometers, the roles of matter and light are reversed compared to the laser based interferometers, i.e. the beam splitter and mirrors are lasers while the source emits matter waves (the atoms) rather than light. In this sense, atom interferometers are the matter wave analog of double-slit, Michelson-Morley, or Mach-Zehnder interferometers typically used for light. Atom interferometers measure the difference in phase acquired by atomic matter waves traversing different paths. Matter waves may be controlled and manipulated using systems of lasers. Atom interferometers have been used in tests of fundamental physics, including measurements of the gravitational constant, the fine-structure constant, and universality of free fall. Applied uses of atom interferometers include accelerometers, rotation sensors, and gravity gradiometers.