Arno Allan Penzias

Arno Allan Penzias
Penzias in 1982
Born	(1933-04-26)April 26, 1933 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
Died	January 22, 2024(2024-01-22) (aged 90) San Francisco, California, US
Citizenship	Germany (until 1935) Stateless (1935–1946) United States (from 1946)
Education	City College of New York (BS) Columbia University (MA, PhD)
Known for	Cosmic microwave background radiation
Spouses	Anne Barras (m. 1954, divorced) Sherry Levit (m. 1996)
Children	5
Awards	Henry Draper Medal (1977) Nobel Prize in Physics (1978) Harold Pender Award (1991) IRI Medal (1998)
Scientific career
Fields	Physics
Institutions	Bell Labs Columbia University
Thesis	A tunable maser radiometer and the measurement of 21 cm line emission from free hydrogen in the Pegasus I cluster of galaxies (1962)
Doctoral advisor	Charles H. Townes
Doctoral students	Pierre Encrenaz

Components · Structure

Components
Dark energy · Dark matter Photons · Baryons
Structure
Shape of the universe Galaxy filament · Galaxy formation Large quasar group Large-scale structure Reionization · Structure formation

Arno Allan Penzias (/ˈpɛnziəs/; April 26, 1933 – January 22, 2024) was an American physicist and radio astronomer. He shared the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics with Robert Woodrow Wilson "for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation".