Apidima Cave

Apidima Cave (Greek: Σπήλαιο Απήδημα, Spilaio Apidima) is a complex of five caves located on the western shore of Mani Peninsula in southern Greece. A systematic investigation of the cave has yielded Neanderthal and, according to some paleoanthropologists, Homo sapiens, fossils from the Palaeolithic era.

One skull fragment fossil, given the name Apidima 1, shows, according to the authors of a 2019 paper, a mixture of modern human and primitive features and has been dated to be more than 210,000 years old, older than a Neanderthal skull ("Apidima 2") found at the cave, which per the authors may makes Apidima 1 the oldest proof of Homo sapiens living outside Africa, the currently confirmed oldest being the maxilla from Misliya Cave in Mount Carmel, Israel, with a maximum age of about 190,000 years ago.