Ammonium dinitramide
| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
Azanium dinitroazanide
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Other names
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| Identifiers | |
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3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.126.585 |
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| [NH4][N(NO2)2] | |
| Molar mass | 124.056 g·mol−1 |
| Density | 1.81 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 93 °C (199 °F; 366 K) |
| Boiling point | 127 °C (261 °F; 400 K) (decomposes) |
| Structure | |
α = 90.00°, β = 100.40°, γ = 90.00°
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Formula units (Z)
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4 |
| Thermochemistry | |
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−148 kJ⋅mol−1 |
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵)
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−150.6 kJ⋅mol−1 |
| Explosive data | |
| Shock sensitivity | Low |
| Friction sensitivity | Low |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling: | |
| Danger | |
| H201, H228, H302, H371 | |
| P210, P230, P240, P241, P250, P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P309+P311, P330, P370+P378, P370+P380, P372, P373, P401, P405, P501 | |
| Related compounds | |
Other cations
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Guanylurea dinitramide |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references
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Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula [NH4][N(NO2)2]. It is the ammonium salt of dinitraminic acid HN(NO2)2. It consists of ammonium cations [NH4]+ and dinitramide anions −N(NO2)2. ADN decomposes under heat to leave only nitrogen, oxygen, and water.
It makes an excellent solid rocket oxidizer with a slightly higher specific impulse (ISP) than ammonium perchlorate and, more importantly, does not leave corrosive hydrogen chloride fumes. This property is also of military interest because halogen-free smoke is harder to detect. It decomposes into low-molecular-mass gases, which contributes to higher performance without creating excessive temperatures if used in gun or rocket propellants. However, the dinitramide salt is more prone to detonation under high temperatures and shock compared with the perchlorate.
An ADN-based monopropellant FLP-106 is reported to have improved properties higher performance (ISP of 259 s vs. 252 s) and density (1.362 g/cm3 vs. (1.240 g/cm3).