American ginseng

American ginseng
Panax quinquefolius

Vulnerable (NatureServe)
CITES Appendix II
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Apiales
Family: Araliaceae
Genus: Panax
Subgenus: Panax subg. Panax
Species:
P. quinquefolius
Binomial name
Panax quinquefolius
Synonyms
Homotypic synonyms
    • Aralia quinquefolia (L.) Decne. & Planch.
    • Ginseng quinquefolium (L.) Alph.Wood
Heterotypic synonyms
    • Panax americanus (Raf.) Raf.
    • Panax americanus var. elatus Raf.
    • Panax americanus var. obovatus (Raf.) Raf.
    • Panax cuneatus Raf.
    • Panax quinquefolius var. americanus Raf.
    • Panax quinquefolius var. obovatus Raf.

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) is a species of flowering plant in the ivy family Araliaceae. It is native to eastern North America although its cultivation was successfully introduced to China in 1975. The specific epithet quinquefolius means "five-leaved", which refers to the typical number of leaflets per leaf. It is one of a group of taxa known as "ginseng".

The conservation status of wild American ginseng is globally vulnerable. To control international trade and prevent global extinction of the wild species, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service implements a CITES Export Program that authorizes 19 states and one tribe to export American ginseng from the United States. From 1978 to 2019, the bulk of exports have come from southern Appalachian states, especially Kentucky, West Virginia, and Tennessee.

As wild populations declined in the late 19th century, American ginseng became a domesticated crop. It is cultivated primarily in Ontario, British Columbia, Wisconsin, and China.