Al-Sawad al-A'zam

Al-Radd 'ala Ashab al-Hawa (Arabic: الرد على أصحاب الهوى, Refutation of Those Holding Heretical Views), better known as al-Sawad al-A'zam 'ala Madhhab al-Imam al-A'zam Abi Hanifa (Arabic: السواد الأعظم على مذهب الإمام الأعظم أبى حنيفة, The Vast Majority of People Who Follow the Teaching of the greatest Imam Abu Hanifa), is a book written by al-Hakim al-Samarqandi, and is considered as the oldest theological work in accordance with the Maturidite school, after Kitab ash-Shirk (The Book of Polytheism) by Abu Mansur al-Maturidi.