Adverse childhood experiences
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) include childhood emotional, physical, or sexual abuse and household dysfunction during childhood. The categories are verbal abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, parental domestic violence, violence against women, household substance abuse, household mental illness, incarcerated household members, and parental separation or divorce. The topic has been raised as an important emerging public health issue and framework following the publication of the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study in 1998 by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Kaiser Permanente.