Emirate of Abu Dhabi

Emirate of Abu Dhabi
إِمَارَة أَبُو ظَبِي
Imārat Abū Ẓabī
Location of Abu Dhabi in the UAE
Coordinates: 23°30′N 54°30′E / 23.5°N 54.5°E / 23.5; 54.5
Country United Arab Emirates
FoundedEmirate of Dhafrah 1540, Emirate of Abu Dhabi 1793
British protectorateJanuary 8, 1820
Independence from the UKDecember 1, 1971
Joined the UAEDecember 3, 1971
SeatAbu Dhabi
Subdivisions
Government
 • TypeIslamic absolute monarchy within a federation
 • RulerMohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
 • Crown PrinceKhaled bin Mohamed Al Nahyan
Area
 • Total
67,340 km2 (26,000 sq mi)
 • Rank1st
Population
 (2024)
 • Total
4,135,985
 • Rank2nd
 • Density61.42/km2 (159.1/sq mi)
Demonym(s)Abu Dhabian, Dhabyani
GDP (nominal)
 • TotalUS$ 308 billion(2024)
 • Per capitaUS$ 84,900 (2023)
Time zoneUTC+4 (UAE standard time)
ISO 3166 codeAE-AZ

The Emirate of Abu Dhabi is one of seven emirates that constitute the United Arab Emirates. It is the largest emirate, accounting for 87% of the nation's total land area or 67,340 km2 (26,000 sq mi).

Abu Dhabi also has the second-largest population of the seven emirates. In 2024, the emirate's population had grown to 4,135,985. The city of Abu Dhabi, after which the emirate is named, is the capital of both the emirate and the federation.

In the early 1970s, two important developments influenced the status of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The first was the establishment of the United Arab Emirates in December 1971, with Abu Dhabi as its initially temporary political and administrative capital. The second was the sharp increase in oil prices after the Yom Kippur War, which accompanied a change in the relationship between the oil-exporting countries in the Middle East and foreign oil companies, leading to a dramatic rise in oil revenues.

In 2024, Abu Dhabi had a nominal GDP of AED 1.132 trillion (US $308 billion), a nominal GDP per capita of US$84,900 (2023), and a government debt to GDP ratio of 16%. In 2022, the size of oil and mining trade increased by 54% and accounted for 48% of GDP. Construction was the next-largest contributor at 7.9%, followed by the financial sector at 6.1%.