Hallucination (artificial intelligence)

This article is about the phenomenon of AI presenting fabricated information as fact. For the appearance of AI-induced psychosis in humans, see Chatbot psychosis.
Not to be confused with Artificial imagination.

A video of the Glenfinnan Viaduct in Scotland generated by Sora, incorrectly showing: a second track, trains traveling on the right instead of the left, a second chimney on its interpretation of the train The Jacobite, and inconsistent carriage lengths
The real Glenfinnan Viaduct with The Jacobite on it

In the field of artificial intelligence (AI), a hallucination or artificial hallucination (also called bullshitting, confabulation, or delusion) is a response generated by AI that contains false or misleading information presented as fact. This term draws a loose analogy with human psychology, where a hallucination typically involves false percepts. However, there is a key difference: AI hallucination is associated with erroneously constructed responses (confabulation), rather than perceptual experiences.

For example, a chatbot powered by large language models (LLMs), like ChatGPT, may embed plausible-sounding random falsehoods within its generated content. Detecting and mitigating errors and hallucinations pose significant challenges for practical deployment and reliability of LLMs in high-stakes scenarios, such as chip design, supply chain logistics, and medical diagnostics. Some software engineers and statisticians have criticized the specific term "AI hallucination" for unreasonably anthropomorphizing computers.

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