2020s European rearmament

The 2020s have seen a significant strategic realignment in European defence and security policy, due to heightened regional geopolitical risk and strained international military alliances. The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 amid broader U.S. geopolitical pressure on Europe in later years, led to a material increase in defence spending among European countries. The European Union's defense spending increased 60% from 2020 to 2025. European military demonstrations increased markedly after the U.S. threatened to annex Greenland in 2026 and the U.S.-Israeli war in Iran affected regional stability in Southern Europe.

This transformation is characterised by increased localisation of defence manufacturing, defence investment of research and development, reindustrialisation of economy, and initiatives for greater military integration among European Union member states, with the intent of rehabilitating autonomous European defence capabilities independent of NATO and the United States.

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