1852–53 United States House of Representatives elections

1852–53 United States House of Representatives elections

August 2, 1852 – November 8, 1853

All 234 seats in the United States House of Representatives
118 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Linn Boyd Joseph R. Chandler
Party Democratic Whig
Leader's seat Kentucky 1st Pennsylvania 2nd
Last election 127 seats 85 seats
Seats won 157 71
Seat change 30 14
Popular vote 1,634,231 1,321,904
Percentage 51.67% 41.79%
Swing 6.51pp 0.28pp

  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Free Soil Independent
Last election 4 seats 4 seats
Seats won 4 2
Seat change 2
Popular vote 125,271 54,738
Percentage 3.96% 1.73%
Swing 0.87pp

Results:
     Democratic gain      Whig gain
     Democratic hold      Whig hold
     Free Soil hold      Free Soil gain
     Independent gain

Speaker before election

Linn Boyd
Democratic

Elected Speaker

Linn Boyd
Democratic

States held the 1852–53 United States House of Representatives elections between August 2, 1852, and November 8, 1853. Each state set a date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 33rd United States Congress convened on December 5, 1853.

The Democrats increased their House majority, while the Whigs underperformed. Effects of the Compromise of 1850 temporarily reduced sectional tensions. Both major parties aimed to unify around the 1852 Presidential campaign, but only the Democrats succeeded, electing compromise candidate Franklin Pierce, a Northerner favorable to Southern interests, to the Presidency.

Two small parties, the Union and Southern Rights parties, collapsed, while the Free Soil Party, opposing slavery in the Western territories, retained four seats. One Independent, Caleb Lyon, was elected from New York.