One Strike-Three Anti Campaign

The One Strike-Three Anti campaign (simplified Chinese: 一打三反运动; traditional Chinese: 一打三反運動; pinyin: Yìdǎ sānfǎn yùndòng) was a national campaign launched by Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in early 1970 during the Cultural Revolution. The campaign aimed to consolidate central power by targeting "counterrevolutionaries" and "minor criminals". The "Strike" referred to a crackdown on the activities of "counter-revolutionary" elements in China, while the "Three Antis" were "graft and embezzlement", "profiteering" and "extravagance and waste".

The campaign resulted in a large number of executions and suicides. According to government statistics released after the Cultural Revolution, 1.87 million people were persecuted during the campaign as traitors, spies, and counterrevolutionaries, and over 284,800 were arrested or killed from February to November 1970 alone. Ding Shu, an overseas Chinese scholar, estimated the campaign's death toll to be around 200,000.